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Microsoft Struggles to Maintain its Bloated Operating System

by , 4:00 PM EST, March 27th, 2006

Microsoft insists each version of its Windows operating system must be backward-compatible with previous iterations, a strategy that may have been partly responsible for last week's announcement that Windows Vista will miss its original December shipping target. Steve Lohr and John Markoff reported on that theory for The New York Times on Monday, noting that Windows 95 had 15 million lines of code while Windows XP has 35 million and Vista will have 50 million.

"Windows is now so big and onerous because of the size of its code base, the size of its ecosystem and its insistence on compatibility with the legacy hardware and software, that it just slows everything down," David B. Yoffie, a professor at the Harvard Business School, told the reporters. "That's why a company like Apple has such an easier time of innovation."

Mr. Lohr and Mr. Markoff also cited an internal memo written last October by Microsoft CTO Ray Ozzie, who said: "Complexity kills. It sucks the life out of developers, it makes products difficult to plan, build and test, it introduces security challenges and it causes end-user and administrator frustration."

James Allchin leads the Vista team and was the one who made the decision to push back the release; he will retire after the operating system ships. Last Thursday, Microsoft placed Steven Sinofsky in charge of product planning and engineering for Windows and the new Web service Windows Live.

"But this doesn't seem to do anything to address the core Windows problem; Windows is too big and too complex," Michael A. Cusumano, a professor at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said.

"Microsoft feels it can't get away with breaking compatibility," added Stanford University computer scientist Mendel Rosenblum. "All of their applications must continue to run, and from an architectural point of view that's a very painful thing."

Mr. Lohr and Mr. Markoff noted that thousands of engineers work on Windows, whereas Apple has 350 programmers and less than 100 testers on Mac OS X, according to two unnamed Apple employees. Of course, Apple "does not have to work with the massive business ecosystem of Microsoft," the reporters noted.

Observer Comments

Show: Subjects Only | Full Comments
Close Name:AaronAdams Posts: 30 Joined: 10 May 2004
Subject: "...less than 100 testers on Mac OS X..."

... and sometimes it shows.

View Name:Guest
Subject: Backward compatibility is good!!!
Close Name:Wings Posts: 87 Joined: 30 Mar 2004
Subject: What about "Classic" Windows?

If Apple can move forward with a new generation operating system (OSX) while at the same time supporting applications written in the old one (OS9 and earlier) with Classic, what's stopping Microsoft from doing the same thing?

I mean, if they're gonna copy OSX with Vista they should go all the way and copy Classic too.

... but then..... that might make sense.... so forget what I said.

View Name:Guest
Subject: Rosenblum and VMware
Close Name:brett_x Posts: 312 Joined: 24 Jan 2006
Subject:

"Apple "does not have to work with the massive business ecosystem of Microsoft," the reporters noted."

And when Apple does have to work with a business ecosystem, system administrators are often left the ones to figure out how to make it work. It's frustrating, but I'd still rather be on this side of the fence.

View Name:Guest
Subject:
View Name:Guest
Subject: Please permit me some schadefreude
View Name:Guest
Subject: Opportunity
View Name:Guest
Subject:
Close Name:Mikuro Posts: 448 Joined: 15 Jun 2002
Subject: Maybe Apple should a hint, actually

Backwards compatibility is not the devil. Personally, I get kind of sick of half my software breaking every year when Apple updates OS X. Apple could certainly do better in this regard. It's ironic that OS X maintains better compatibility with System 7~OS 9 software than it does with software for older versions of OS X!

That said, Microsoft could certainly do a lot better, too. They'll have to dump the baggage eventually. If not now, when? Vista has turned from a real Windows revolution into "XP+". Most of the features that made it interesting (the new file system and graphics layer, for example) aren't even making it to the initial release.

So what IS making it to the initial release? The ability to run current software. NEWS FLASH: I can run current software currently! I don't need a new OS for that!

Close Name:deasys Posts: 259 Joined: 08 Apr 2003
Subject:

Quote
David B. Yoffie, a professor at the Harvard Business School, told the reporters. "That's why a company like Apple has such an easier time of innovation."


Well, isn't that strange--Yoffie is the same idiot that two years ago was convinced the jig was up for Apple:

http://www.macworld.com/weblogs/editors/archives/000052.php

So now Apple thrives because, 'MS is screwing up and, anyway, Apple has it easy?' Uh, sure prof. Whatever you say...

I can't believe that Harvard continues to employ him.

Close Name:DawnTreader -   TMO Staff Posts: 13800 Joined: 04 Jan 2002
Subject:

"Backward compatibility" is a euphemism for "If we raise the barriers to entry our customers will find alternative operating systems more attractive.

Vista IMHO is now more of a marketing initiative than a new OS. This time around enterprise and retail customers may not be willing to pick up the tab.

Close Name:hangtown Posts: 109 Joined: 03 Dec 2005
Subject: Re: Opportunity

Quote
Anonymous wrote:
Apple doesn't need to ramp up it's advertising it needs to ram up it's production of computers. Just start making them. Also they need to speed up the introduction of any new computers to before the holiday season. Introduce new computers early November. That would really entice people to buy a new machine, since hey won't have a new Windows PC to buy.


I don't see this. Windows people are not going to switch to OS X and go an entirely new (to them) platform just because XP will be in use another year. A lot of windows users don't want vista anyway, if their whining is to be believed.

PC sales *might* be slightly affected (although I don't think consumers care as much as analysts whether they are using XP or Vista) but that's not going to move people to the mac. It just won't. People who are switching are doing so for other reasons and I don't see this affecting that trend noticeably.

View Name:Guest
Subject: How many lines of code in OSX?
Close Name:tbone1 -   TMO Staff Posts: 3962 Joined: 13 Jul 2001
Subject:

Quote
deasys wrote:
I can't believe that Harvard continues to employ him.


I can. I've worked with Ivy Leaguers.

View Name:Guest
Subject: Backward compatibility problems reflect poor architecture
View Name:Guest
Subject: Two Harvard grads dissuading kids from Harvard
View Name:Guest
Subject:
Close Name:LaurieF -   TMO Forum Mod Posts: 3498 Joined: 15 Jun 2001
Subject: Re: Maybe Apple should a hint, actually

Quote
Mikuro wrote:
Backwards compatibility is not the devil. Personally, I get kind of sick of half my software breaking every year when Apple updates OS X. Apple could certainly do better in this regard. It's ironic that OS X maintains better compatibility with System 7~OS 9 software than it does with software for older versions of OS X!


Half? Half? Breaking? If you're going to use hyperbole, please be more precise or at least provide examples.

I've used OS X since the alpha 10.0 release. Some of my now-no-longer-used OS 9 stuff didn't work in OS X, but that's to be expected, inasmuch as not everything works under Rosetta. But I've virtually had nothing not work (what a great language English is!) from one release to another.

There are two notable exceptions: Disk Warrior and Retrospect - neither of these most important apps worked immediately under Tiger. But they got fixed up quickly enough. I hope for the same for their Universal Binary releases... Nevertheless this isn't a problem with OS X per se.

View Name:Guest
Subject: Scotty said it in Star Trek
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